Yakin Basarar Najeriya da aka fi sani da Yakin Biyafara yaki ne da aka gwabza tsakanin sojin Najeriya da masu burin ballewa daga Najeriya su kafa kasar da suka sanya wa suna Biyafara a Kudu maso Gabas.
An gwabza yakin ne tsakanin watan Yulin 1967 zuwa 15 ga watan Janairun 1970, inda aka yi asarar rayuka da dama da dukiya ta miliyoyin Naira, kuma yakin ya canja siyasar kasar nan.
Abin da ya jawo yakin
Yakin bai rasa nasaba da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arziki da kabilanci da bambancin addini wadanda suka kara hauhawa bayan samun ’yancin kai da Najeriya ta yi daga Turawan mulkin mallaka, a tsakanin 1960 zuwa 1963.
Babban abin da ya jawo yakin a 1967 shi ne zanga-zangar kabilanci da kwacen mulki da ramuwar gayya da sauransu.
A 1960 ne Najeriya ta samu ’yancin kai daga Birtaniya. Galibin jama’ar da ke yankin Arewa Musulmi ne, yayin da mafi yawan Kiristoci suke zaune a Kudu.
A lokacin Najeriya ta kunshi jihohi uku ne wato Arewa (inda Hausawa suke) da Kudu maso Yamma (yankin kabilar Yarabawa) da kuma Kudu maso Gabas (na kabilar Ibo).
Bayan juyin mulkin watan Janairun 1966 inda aka kashe Firayi Ministan Najeriya Sa Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da Firimiyan Arewa Sa Ahmadu Bello da Birgediya Zakariya Maimalari da sauran manyan jagororin Arewa da na Yarabawa, sai aka rika yi wa juyin mulkin kallon wanda ’yan kabilar Ibo suka kitsa na kabilanci, saboda yadda ba a kashe Shugaban Kasa na lokacin ba wato Cif Nnamdi Azikiwe wanda Ibo ne, kamar yadda BBC ya ruwaito.
Daga nan ne sai Janar Aguiyi Ironsi ya zama Shugaban Kasa na soji na farko. Sai dai a watan Yulin1966 wadansu sojoji daga Arewa sun kifar da Gwamnatin Ironsi, inda Kanar Yakubu Gowon wanda ya fito daga Arewa ya zama Shugaban Kasa. Wannan juyin mulkin shi ne ya kara rura wutar rikici a kasar nan.
An rika samun kashe-kashen kabilanci a Arewa, inda ake kashe ’yan kabilar Ibo hakazalika an kashe ’yan Arewa a matsayin ramuwa a wasu biranen gabashin kasar nan.
An yi tarurruka a tsakanin manyan sojoji da jami’an ’yan sandan kowane yanki da fatar ganin an warware matsalar cikin ruwan sanyi. Sai dai hakan bai yiwu ba.
A ranar 30 Mayun 1967 ne Gwamnan Soji na Jihar Gabas, Laftana Kanar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu ya ayyana yankin Gabas a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kansa wanda ya balle daga Najeriya kuma ya sanya masa suna Jamhuriyar Biyafara.
Yadda aka gwabza yakin
An fara yakin ne a ranar 6 ga Yunin 1967 lokacin da dakarun Najeriya suka shiga yankin Biyarfa ta bangarori. Ta yankin Arewacin Biyafara ne dakarun Najeriya a karkashin jagorancin Kanar Mohammed Shuwa suka fara aukawa yankin. Dakarun sun samu tirjiyya daga dakarun Biyafara sosai a yankin, sai wadansu sojoji ta dama suka auka wa birnin Nsukka wanda suka kama a ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, ta gefe kuma suka auka wa yankin Garkem, inda nan ma suka samu nasarar kama garin a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni.
Masu ballewar sun kasance suna da karfi a Jihar Enugu, inda a tsakanin 12 ga watan Satumban 1967 zuwa 4 ga Oktoba aka kwato jihar.
Dakarun sojin Najeriya a karkashin jagorancin Murtala Mohammed sun fafattaki dakarun Biyafara a yankin Asaba ta bangaren Kogin Neja.
An ruwaito cewa a wata 30 da aka yi ana gwabza yakin, kusan soja dubu 100 ne suka mutu, sannan tsakanin ’yan Biyafara dubu 500 zuwa miliyan biyu ne suke mutu sakamakon yunwa da suka shiga bayan dakarun Najeriya sun mamaye yankin.
A ranar 23 ga watan Disamban 1969 dakarun Najeriya a karkashin Kanar Olusegun Obasanjo suka kai farmaki na karshe zuwa yankin Biyafara wanda zuwa karshen shekarar aka karya karsashin dakarun Biyafara, sannan a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1970 aka kai farmakin da ake kira “Operation Tail-Wind,” inda dakarun Najeriya suka kama Owerri a ranar 7 ga Janairu, suka kuma kama Uli a ranar 11 ga Janairu.
Wannan ya sa Ojukwu ya tsallake zuwa kasar Ibory Coast, wanda hakan ya sa Mataimakinsa Philip Effiong ya jagoranci wadansu manyan yankin zuwa Fadar Gwamnatin Najeriya, inda ya mika takardar janye ballewarsu daga Najeriya, sannan ya tabbatar da cewa sun amince su ci gaba da zama ’yan Najeriya a karkashin mulkin Janar Yakubu Gowon a ranar 13 ga Janairun 1970, sannan aka sanya hannu a takardar yarjejeniya a ranar 14 ga watan.
Muhimman abubuwa guda biyar game da Yakin Basasar
- Ranar 30 ga Mayun 1967 ne Gwamnan Soji na Jihar Gabas Laftana Kanar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu ya ayyana ballewa da kafa kasar Biyafara
- Ranar 6 ga watan Yunin 1967 aka far gwabza yaki
- Ranar 7 ga Janairun 1970 dakarun Najeriya suka kai farmakin “Operation Tail-Wind” inda suka kama manyan biranen Biyafara, wanda hakan ya sa Ojukwu ya tsare
- Ranar 13 ga Janairun 1970, Mataimkin Ojukwu, Kanar Philip Effiong ya mika wuya.
- An kashe kusan sojoji dubu 100 a yakin, sannan mamaye yankin Biyafara ya jawo mutuwar akalla dubu 500.
Idan aka raba Najeriya yanzu mun ci amanar wadanda suka mutu a Yakin Basasa -Janar Babangida
Tsohon Shugaban Kasa, Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya yi kira ga ’yan Najeriya su zauna lafiya da juna domin tabbatar da kasancewar kasar nan a dunkule.
Janar Babangida ya bayyana haka ne a zantarwarsa da sashin Hausa na BBC lokacin tunawa da ’yan mazan jiya bayan shekara 50 da Yakin Basasa. Ya ce kamata ya yi ’yan Najeriya su gode wa Allah bisa yadda Ya tabbatar da Najeriya a dunkule sama da shekara 50 bayan yakin, inda ya ce babu kasar da ta samu zaman lafiya cikin kankanen lokacin bayan Yakin Basasa kamar Najeriya.
Ya ce masu cewa a raba kasar nan yanzu matasa ne, wadanda ba su san me ake nufi da Yakin Basasa ba. “A matsayina na soja da ya je yaki, ina bada shawara cewa kada mu rika yin fatar yaki. Mu zauna lafiya da juna.”
Yadda aka karrama ’yan mazan jiya na bana
An kebe ranar 15 ga Janairu kowace shekara domin tunawa da ’yan mazan jiya da suka rasa rayukansu a yake-yaken da suka wakana a Najeriya da wajen kasar nan.
A ranar ce aka yi juyin mulkin da ya yi sanadiyar rasuwar Sa Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da Sa Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato da sauran manyan Arewa.
Haka kuma kasar nan tana jinji wa wadanda suka ji raunuka a ranar, musamman wadanda suka samu raunuka a fage daga.
Ranar ce ake kuma murnar mika wuya da dakarun Biyafara suka yi ga dunkulalliyar Najeriya.
An gudanar da wannan bikin a jihohin Najeriya da Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abuja, inda Shugaban Kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya jagoranci manyan hafsoshin sojojin kasar nan da sauran manyan baki wajen tunawa tare da karrama ’yan mazan jiyan.
Wadansu daga cikin mazan jiya
- Ahmadu Bello
An haifi Alhaji Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sakkwato, a ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1910 a garin Raba a Jihar Sakkwato.
Kakansa shi ne Sarkin Musulmi Bello, wanda yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Daular Sakkwato, kuma dan marigayi Mujaddadi Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo.
Ahmadu Bello ya fara makaranta a garin Sakkwato, sannan ya wuce zuwa makarantar horar da malamai ta Katsina.
A 1938 aka nada shi Sardaunan Sakkwato bayan da ya gaza a yunkurin da ya yi na zamowa Sarkin Musulmi.
Ya kuma halarci kasar Ingila domin yin karantu kan harkokin mulki a 1948.
Ya zama dan Majalisar Dokoki ta Arewa. Ya kuma zama Ministan Ayyuka da Raya Kasa.
Ya kasance Firimiyan farko na Arewa daga 1954 zuwa 1966.
Sannan ya jagoranci Jam’iyyar NPC ta lashe kujeru da dama a zaben da aka gudanar bayan samun ’yancin kai.
Bayan kammala zabe, ya zabi ya ci gaba da kasancewa Firimiya, inda ya nada Sa Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ya zamo Firayi Minista, kamar yadda BBC ya ruwaito.
An kashe Sa Ahmadu Bello a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966, bayan juyin mulkin soja.
- Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
An haifi Sa Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a garin Tafawa Balewa da ke Jihar Bauchi a 1912.
Yayi karatu a makarantar horon malamai ta Katsina daga 1928 zuwa 1933, sannan ya zamo malami, kuma Shugaban Makarantar Midil ta Bauchi.
Ya yi karatu a makarantar horar da malamai ta Landan daga 1945 zuwa 1946, inda ya samu shaidar malanta.
A lokacin Yakin Duniya na Biyu ya nuna sha’awarsa ta shiga harkokin siyasa, inda ya kafa zauren tattaunawa na Bauchi Discussion Circle, kamar yadda BBC ya ruwaito.
A 1952 ya zamo Ministan Ayyuka na Najeriya, Ministan Sufuri a 1954, sannan ya zamo jagoran Jam’iyyar NPC a Majalisar Wakilai.
Ya zamo Firayi Ministan farko bayan kasar ta samu ’yancin kai a 1960.
A 1966 shi ma aka kashe shi bayan juyin mulkin soja.
- Birgediya Zakariya Maimalari.
Birgediya Zakariya’u Maimalari shi ne sojan Najeriya na farko da ya zama babban soja, kuma shi ne dan Arewa soja na farko da ya samu mukamin Birgediya Janar.
Maimalari dan asalin tsohuwar Jihar Borno ce da aka haife shi a Jihar Yobe ta yanzu, sannan ya yi Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya
Shi ma an kashe shi a ranar 15 ga Janairu tare da su Sardauna.
