Daga cikin makaloli masu fa’ida da suka gabata kan ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya akwai wacce muka gabatar a shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012, mai bayani gamsasshe kan ma’ana da nau’o’i da kuma yadda ake harbawa da tafiyar da tauraron dan Adam. Wannan shi ne kashi na karshe da za mu dakata da bayani a kai. Ga kashin farko nan. A sha karatu lafiya.
Tauraron dan Adam, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, shi ne: Duk wata na’ura mai cin gashin kanta da ake harbawa zuwa sararin samaniya don mikawa da karbo bayanan yanayi ko dauko hotunan wasu wurare da dan Adam ba ya iya kaiwa gare su ta dadi, ko kuma sansano irin yanayin da muhalli zai kasance a wasu lokuta na daban. Ire-iren wadannan taurari suna shawagi ne a cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu, ko duniyar wata da taurarin da Allah Ya halitta, ko kuma cikin falakin wasu duniyoyi makamantan namu. A halin wannan shawagi ne suke gudanar da ayyukansu na nemo bayanai, ko karbowa daga wani bangaren wannan duniya don yada bayanan zuwa wasu bangarori daban, ko kuma nemo bayanan da ke da nasaba da falakin da suke shawagi a ciki, don aiko sakon da suka taskance zuwa gare mu a wannan duniya, ko kuma a wasu lokutan, su dauko mana hotunan abin da ke faruwa ga manya-manyan tekunan da ke zagaye da mu a duniya gaba daya.
Shi tauraron dan Adam duk karkonsa, ba ya dawwama a muhallin da aka jefa shi ciki don shawagi; yana da muddar rayuwa da aka deba masa. Da zarar aikinsa ya kare, zai dawo wannan duniya tamu, ko kuma a wasu lokutan ma, yana kan aikinsa sai ya samu matsala ya wargaje ba tare da masu shi sun iya kaiwa gare shi ba. Idan ma ya gama lafiya, yana iya samun matsala wajen shigowa wannan duniya lafiya lau. A takaice dai, duk wani tauraron dan Adam na iya kwanaki ko watanni ko shekarun da aka deba masa. Sa’annan yana da irin aikin da aka harba shi ya yi; tauraron dan Adam da ke gano yanayin muhalli da falakin da ke sararin samaniya yana dauke ne da na’urar daukar hoto, wacce ta dace da tsarin aikinsa. Wanda aka harba don gano yanayin zafi ko sanyi na dauke ne da na’urar da ke taimaka masa sansano yanayin muhallin. Haka wadanda ake harbawa don yada shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo da talabijin, duk suna da nasu siffa da ta sha bamban da sauran.
An fara harba ire-iren wadannan taurarin wucin-gadi ne zuwa cikin falaki shekara kusan 59 da suka gabata (1957), kuma zuwa yanzu, an harba dubbai masu zuwa don karbowa da aikowa da bayanai ko sansano yanayi ko kuma dauko hotunan sararin samaniya, don amfanin dan Adam. A karon farko ana amfani ne da roket, mai dauke da kumbo (space shuttle), don cilla wani tauraro zuwa sararin samaniya. Daga baya aka zo ana amfani da jiragen sama masu masifar gudu, duk da yake shi ma wannan tsari na bukatar roket wanda ke harba jirgin zuwa wani mizanin nisa cikin samaniya, kafin wannan jirgi ya ingiza tauraron cikin falaki. Ana cikin haka sai kuma masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya na Amurka suka bullo da wata hanya wacce ta sha bamban da sauran wajen sauki da inganci.
Wannan hanya kuwa ita ta cilla tauraron dan Adam daga babbar kumbon tashar binciken sararin samaniya da ke can sararin samaniya, wato US Space Shuttle. Hakan na faruwa ne domin masana na iya kera tauraron dan Adam a halin zamansu cikin wannan kumbo da ke tashar, har su harba shi. Haka idan ya lalace ko ya gama aikinsa, suna iya sanya shi cikin wani kumbo karami don aikowa da shi wannan duniya tamu don a gyara shi yadda ya kamata. Nan gaba, masana harkar falaki a Amurka na tunanin bullo da wani tsari mai suna Single Stage to Orbit, wato “tsalle daya zuwa falaki,” a misali. Wannan tsari zai rage yawan tashoshin da tauraron dan Adam zai bi kafin kaiwa ga falakin da aka umarce shi da zuwa. Idan har suka dace, wannan tsari zai zo ne da kumbon sararin samaniya guda daya, tafkeke, mai iya daukar taurarin dan Adam da dama, don aikawa da su zuwa cikin falakin da ya dace da su, cikin harbawa guda!
Tauraron dan Adam na farko da ya fara shiga cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu shi ne Sputnik 1, wanda kasar Rasha ta harba a ranar 4 ga Oktoban 1957. Wannan tauraro ya yi shawagi cikin falaki yana aiko sakonni har tsawon kwana 21. Bayan ya kamo hanyarsa ta dawowa duniya, sai ya kone a hanya. Hakan ya faru ne ranar 4 ga Janairun 1958. Daga nan kasar ta sake cilla wani tauraron mai suna Sputnik 2, a ranar 3 ga Nuwamban 1957 dai har way au. A ciki suka sanya wata kariya don gwaji, wacce a karshe ta mace, sa’o’i biyu da harba ta, sanadiyyar tsananin zafin da ke cikin tauraron da aka sanya ta ciki. Tauraron Sputnik 2 ya dawo wannan duniya tamu ranar 14 ga Afrilun 1958, inda ya kone bayan ya shigo shi ma. Da ganin haka, sai kasar Amurka ta fara narkewa da kishi. Ana cikin haka sai kawai aka ji ita ma ta harba tauraronta na farko zuwa cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu, mai suna Edplorer 1, ranar 31 ga Janairun 1958.
Bayan nan ta sake cilla wani tauraro mai suna Discoberer 13, tauraron dan Adam na farko da ya fara zuwa falaki, ya taskance bayanan da yake bukata ta hanyar wata na’ura, sannan ya cillo wannan na’ura zuwa wannan duniya tamu, masu binciken kasar Amurka suka dauka don tantance sakonnin da ta kalato musu. Wannan aiki ta gudanar dashi ne a 1960, ranar 10 ga Agusta. Daga nan sauran kasashe suka biyo baya.
